One key to the Incas’ expansion was their ability to produce and distribute a wide range of surplus crops, including maize, beans, potatoes, and meats. They constructed terraced irrigation systems for watering crops on mountainous terrain, perfected freeze-drying and other preservation techniques, built large store-houses, and constructed a vast network of roads and bridges. The Incas were still expanding when they too were overcome by Spanish invaders in the sixteenth century.

The word “surplus” in the passage is closest in meaning to?


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