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GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 13

Jimmy Wang
05/08/2024

GRE Critical Reasoning

Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

Grammarians have for years condemned as ungram- matical the English phrase “between you and I, ” insisting that the correct phrasing is “between you and me,” with the objective case after a preposition. Such condemnations, however, are obviously unfounded, because Shakespeare himself, in The Merchant of Venice, wrote, “All debts are cleared between you and I.”

#1

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

The more modem an English word or phrase, the less likely that modern grammarians will consider it acceptable for formal usage.

Many modem speakers of English sometimes say “between you and I” and sometimes say “between you and me.”

The phrase “between you and I” appears infrequently in Shakespeare’s writings.

Most native speakers of English who choose to say “between you and I” do so because they know that Shakespeare used that phrase.

In his plays, Shakespeare intentionally had some of his characters use phrases he considered ungrammatical.

Around 1850 there were about 800 farms in Otsego County. By the 1950’s the number of farms had dropped to around 400. By 1988 there were only 81 farms in operation. Therefore, the amount of land in the county that is devoted to farming has dropped by about 90 percent in the past 140 years.

#2

Senator: Jones is highly qualified for appointment as a judge, as evidenced by Jones’s receiving a unanimous vote of “qualified” on the formal rating scale used by the Lawyers’ Committee. That committee advises the Senate on judicial appointments.

#3

Which of the following, if true, is the best reason for dismissing the senator's claim that Jones is highly qualified?

The Lawyers’ Committee does not advise the Senate on all judicial appointments.

Several members o f the Lawyers’ Committee are not themselves qualified for judicial appointments.

The Lawyers’ Committee gives a unanimous vote of “qualified” only to those candidates for judicial appointments who meet the committee’s stringent standards for appropriate prior experience and ethical conduct.

Jones, like most lawyers, is a member of the professional organization that originally suggested the establishment of the Lawyers’ Committee.

The Lawyers’ Committee gives a unanimous vote of either “highly qualified” or “very highly qualified” to 95 percent of all candidates for judicial appointments.

The average life expectancy of the population of Japan has risen steadily since 1960 and is now the highest national average in the world, even though heart disease among the Japanese has increased since they began to eat more of the fatty foods typical of the diets of people in Western countries.

#4

Which of the following, if true, best helps to explain the steady rise in life expectancy that is cited above?

The life-style of some Japanese people includes regular exercise, which is thought to help the heart resist the loss of strength that accompanies aging.

The life expectancy of the average Westerner has risen at a slower rate since 1960 than it did before 1960.

Since 1960 the decline in illnesses that kill more Japanese people than does heart disease has been greater than the increase in heart disease.

The Japanese diet has traditionally included many nonfatty foods that are thought to reduce the risk of developing heart disease.

The average Westerner is still five times more likely to develop heart disease than is the average Japanese person.

For some women the cost of giving birth can be an unexpectedly large burden. The average normal birth now costs $3,200, and a birth with complications can cost thousands of dollars more. Of women in the primary childbearing age range of eighteen to twenty-four, who account for about 40 percent of all births in this country annually, more than 25 percent have no health-care insurance to pay maternity costs.

#5

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

In this country, about 75 percent of the women who do not have health-care coverage of maternity costs are younger than eighteen or older than twenty-four.

For an average birth, health-care insurance pays about 75 percent of $3,200.

Each year, about 75 percent of all births in this country are to women who have health-care coverage of maternity costs.

In this country, nearly 75 percent of the women in the primary childbearing age range give birth with no complications.

Each year, about 60 percent of all births in this country are to women who are younger than eighteen or older than twenty-four.

One theory of the Moon’s origin is that the Earth, early in its development, was a rapidly rotating body of molten rock in which most of the iron had settled to the core; some of this fluid was cast off from the surface of the spinning mass and later solidified to form the Moon.

#6

Which of the following conclusions can best be supported by the theory above of the Moon's origin, if that theory is correct?

The Moon, like the Earth, has a solid surface and a molten core.

The surface of the Moon solidified after the surface of the Earth did.

The Moon has proportionally less iron at its core than the Earth does.

Most of the fluid cast off from the Earth was dispersed into outer space.

The Moon is the only sizable heavenly body in orbit around the Earth.

# GRE Critical Reasoning

GRE Critical Reasoning

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