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发音：[ˌsɜrkəmˈstænʃ(ə)l]
例句：
- The term “circumstantial” refers to information or evidence that is not directly conclusive but is related to or surrounds a particular situation or event. In an academic context, circumstantial evidence is indirect evidence that implies a fact but does not prove it conclusively. For example, if someone is accused of a crime and there are no direct witnesses, but there is circumstantial evidence such as the person being in the vicinity at the time of the incident, it adds a layer of probability to their involvement.
- In a broader sense, circumstantial can also be used more generally to describe details or conditions that are relevant to a particular context. For instance, one might say, “The success of a project is circumstantial upon effective communication among team members,” meaning that the success depends on the surrounding or related factors, like communication.
- The prosecution relied entirely on circumstantial evidence from Ms. Folbigg’s diaries, unassessed by mental health professionals during the trial, to portray her as an unstable mother prone to bouts of anger.
- A senior fellow at the Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technology, James Scott, maintains that the evidence pointing to WannaCry’s dissemination due to chance and oversight, not advanced techniques, is primarily circumstantial.
- Following discussions with The Post’s NFL and NBA beat writers about their sports’ regulations, Scherzer’s actions might not qualify as intervening but could be considered a circumstantial indication of collusion.
- Astronomers in 2011 presented circumstantial evidence indicating the existence of a large, unnamed planet, which is believed to occupy the outer edges of the Solar System, and they dubbed it Tyche, the Greek goddess representing good luck.
解释：
- Circumstantial这个单词做形容词使用，其表示“fully detailed and specific about particulars”这一含义，即“详细的/视情况而定的/间接的/与特定条件有关的”，与specific/detailed/hypothetical这些单词构成近义词。
- 具体使用场景如下：
- Goldman mentioned that in trade secret lawsuits, plaintiffs often build their cases on circumstantial evidence, like Waymo suggesting that Uber couldn’t have genuinely developed its technology as rapidly as claimed.（戈德曼提到，在商业秘密诉讼中，原告通常以与特定条件有关的证据为基础，比如Waymo暗示Uber不可能像声称的那样真正快速地开发其技术。）
–Technology - Scientists mainly rely on circumstantial evidence when they connect a new virus in humans to its animal reservoir, typically a species capable of carrying the virus without experiencing severe illness itself.（当科学家将人类中的新病毒与其动物宿主联系起来时，他们主要依靠间接证据，宿主通常是一种能够携带病毒而不会出现严重疾病的物种。）
–Science - The company recently published excerpts from a report investigating alleged financial wrongdoing within its operations, disclosing that after a four-month inquiry, only “circumstantial evidence” was found to substantiate the claims.（该公司最近公布了一份调查其运营中涉嫌财务不法行为的报告摘录，披露经过四个月的调查，仅发现“间接证据”证实了这些说法。）
–Business - In discussions concerning the NFL’s investigation into the New Orleans Saints’ bounty program, the District Court in New Orleans contends that Goodell’s statements regarding Vilma were grounded, at best, on hearsay, circumstantial evidence, and falsehoods.（在关于NFL对新奥尔良圣徒队赏金计划的调查的讨论中，新奥尔良地方法院辩称，古德尔关于维尔玛的陈述充其量是基于道听途说、间接证据和谎言。）
–Sports - Woods demonstrates exceptional clarity in his English sentences, an essential aspect when appraising translations of Mann, who, despite his intricate use of circumstantial details, writes in a profoundly clear and transparent manner in German.（伍兹在他的英语句子中展现出非凡的清晰度，这是评估曼恩翻译的一个重要方面。尽管他复杂地使用特定场景细节，但他用德语以深刻清晰和透明的方式写作。）
–Arts and Culture
