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GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 46

Jimmy Wang
12/04/2024

GRE Critical Reasoning

Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

At the end of the Second World War the number of women in their childbearing years was at a record low. Yet for almost twenty years they produced a record high number of children. In 1957 there was an average of 3.72 children per family. Now the postwar babies are producing a record low number of babies. In 1983 the average number of children per family was abou’t 1.79-two children fewer than the 1957 rate and lower even than the 2, II rate that a population needs to replace itself.

#1

It can properly be inferred from the passage that

the birth rate is not directly proportional to the number of women in their childbearing years

the most significant factor influencing the birth rate is whether the country is engaged in a war

unless there are extraordinary circumstances, the birth rate will not dip below the level at which a population replaces itself

for the birth rate to be low, there must be a relatively small number of women in their childbearing years

for the birth rate to be high, there must be a relatively large number of women in their childbearing years

A study of illusionistic painting inevitably begins with the Greek painter Zeuxis. In an early work, which is the basis for his fame, he painted a bowl of grapes that was so lifelike that birds pecked at the fruit. In an attempt to expand his achievement to encompass human figures, he painted a boy carrying a bunch of grapes . When birds immediately came to peck at the fruit, Zeuxis judged that he had failed.

#2

Zeuxis' judgment that he had failed in his later work was based on an assumption. Which of the following can have served as that assumption?

After the success of his early work, Zeuxis was unable to live up to the expectations of the general public.

The use of illusionistic techniques in painting had become commonplace by the time Zeuxis completed his later work.

Birds are less likely to peck at fruit when they see that a human being is present.

People are more easily fooled by illusionistic techniques than are birds.

The grapes in the later painting were even more realistic than the ones in the earlier work.

The best argument for the tenure system that protects professional employment in universities is that it allows veteran faculty to hire people smarter than they are and yet remain secure in the knowledge that unless they themselves are caught in an act of moral turpitude—a concept that in the present climate almost defies definition—the younger faculty cannot turn around and fire them. This is not true in industry.

#3

Which of the following assumptions is most likely to have been made by the author of the argument above?

Industry should follow the example of universities and protect the jobs of managers by instituting a tenure system.

The traditional argument that the tenure system protects scholars in universities from being dismissed for holding unconventional or unpopular beliefs is no longer persuasive.

Veteran faculty will usually hire and promote new faculty whose scholarship is more up-to-date than their own.

If a stronger consensus concerning what constitutes moral turpitude existed, the tenure system in universities would be expendable

If no tenure system existed, veteran faculty would be reluctant to hire new faculty who might threaten the veteran faculty’s own jobs.

The population of elephant seals, reduced by hunting to perhaps a few dozen animals early in this century, has soared under federal protection during the last few decades. However, because the species repopulated itself through extensive inbreeding, it now exhibits a genetic uniformity that is almost unparalleled in other species of mammals, and thus it is in far greater danger of becoming extinct than are most other species.

#4

Given the information in the passage above, which of the following is most likely the reason that other species of mammals are less likely than elephant seals to become extinct?

Other species of mammals have retained habits of caution and alertness because they have not been protected as endangered species.

In other species of mammals, some members of the species are genetically better equipped to withstand a disease or .event that destroys other members of the species.

Other species of mammals have increased their knowledge of dangers through the experience of generation after generation of animals.

Other species of mammals have large populations, so the loss of a few members of the species is not significant.

In other species of mammals, hunters can readily distinguish between males and females or between young animals and adults.

Some people assert that prosecutors should be allowed to introduce illegally obtained evidence in criminal trials if the judge and jury can be persuaded that the arresting officer was not aware of violating or did not intend to violate the law while seizing the evidence. This proposed “good-faith exception” would weaken everyone’s constitutional protection, lead to less careful police practices, and promote lying by law enforcement officers in court.

#5

The argument above for maintaining the prohibition against illegally obtained evidence assumes that

law enforcement authorities need to be encouraged to pursue criminals assiduously

the legal system will usually find ways to ensure that real crimes do not go unprosecuted

the prohibition now deters some unlawful searches and seizures

courts should consider the motives of law enforcement officers in deciding whether evidence brought forward by the officers is admissible in a trial

defendants in criminal cases should enjoy greater protection from the law than other citizens do

I. If the streets and sidewalks are wet, it is raining.

II . If the streets are wet but the sidewalks are not wet, it is not raining.

III. If it is not raining, the streets and sidewalks are not wet.

#6

# GRE Critical Reasoning

GRE Critical Reasoning

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