GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 44

GRE Critical Reasoning
Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

 

Some geologists argue that if oil is as common in unsampled areas of the world as it is in those already sampled, our current estimate of reserves that exist underground must be multiplied by a factor of 10,000. From this we can conclude that we can meet the oil needs of the entire world for at least five centuries, even assuming that future consumption grows at an accelerating rate.

#1
To reach the stated conclusion, the author must assume which of the following?

Approximately 5,000 people who have been convicted of nonviolent crimes in the state’have been given community-service sentences instead of prison sentences. These offenders perform services commensurate with their training and skills, from scrubbing floors to conducting research for the state. The community-service program, which began in 1979, has grown immensely as a result of drunken-driver legislation enacted a few months ago.

#2
The introduction of the community-service program in 1979 was most probably prompted by which of the following, all of which occurred during the 1970's?

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus helps control gypsy moth populations by killing the moth’s larvae. The virus is always present in the larvae, but only every sixth or seventh year does the virus seriously decimate the numbers of larvae, thereby drastically setting back the gypsy moth population. Scientists believe that the virus, ordinarily latent, is triggered only when the larvae experience biological stress.

#3
If the scientists mentioned above are correct, it can be inferred that the decimation of gypsy moth larvae populations by the nuclear polyhedrosis virus would be most likely to be triggered by which of the following conditions?

A research study reports that a particular educational program has improved the prospects for success in later schooling for those children aged three to five who were subjects of the study. It follows, then, that introducing similar programs for all children aged three to five will improve their chances for success in later schooling.

#4
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

The school bus always stops at the railroad tracks. When the warning light is not flashing, it then proceeds directly across if the tracks are clear. However, when the warning light is not flashing and the tracks are not clear, the school bus, waits until they are clear and then proceeds immediately across them.

#5
If the statements above are true and it is true that the school bus stops at the tracks and then does not proceed to cross them, which of the following must also be true?

Konstantin Stanislavski’s justly praised method for training actors arose from Stanislavski’s own awkwardness and susceptibility to theatrical cliches as a young actor. The “method” must be understood in terms of Stanislavski’s personal search for release from the temptations of stock gestures, well-tried vocal intonations, and standard emotional formulas. Despite the pretensions of certain of his disciples in the United States, the Russian director never intended to formulate a textbo,ok of rigid solutions to acting problems.

#6
It can be inferred that the author of the preceding statements about Stanislavski's method holds which of the following opinions about acting?

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