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GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 43

Jimmy Wang
11/25/2024

GRE Critical Reasoning

Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

As a practical matter, the copper available for industrial use should not be thought of as limited by the quantity of copper deposits, known or unknown. The transmutation of one chemical element into another is a modern reality, through the methods of nuclear physics. Therefore, the quantity of a natural resource such as copper cannot be calculated even in principle, because copper can be made from other metals.

#1

Which of the following, if true, is the strongest argument against the argument above?

Although it is possible that additional deposits of copper will be found, geological considerations strongly indicate that they will not amount to more than a fifty-year supply.

It will be impractical, in the foreseeable future, to mine any deposits of metal that may exist on the Moon or on other planets.

Synthetic materials have been discovered that can serve as practical substitutes for copper in most of its uses.

Methods for estimating the amount of copper ‘available in currently known depo-sits have.become very sophisticated and have proved quite accurate.

The production of copper from other metals in industrial quantities would be prohibitively expensive in energy and materials.

The world’s annual food production slightly exceeds the amount of food required to provide a minimally adequate diet for the world’s population. To predict that insufficient food production will cause a hunger crisis in the future is nonsense. Any hunger crisis will result from a distribution problem rather than a production problem.

#2

The statement above assumes which of the following?

The world’s food production will continue to be sufficient to meet or exceed needs.

A shortfall in the world’s food production can be prevented by a better distribution system.

The world’s food requirements are greater than they will be in the future.

The distribution of the world’s existing food supply will be improved in the future.

The world hunger crisis will not exist in the future.

Psychological maladjustment in children is caused by the stress of the birthing process as is proved by the discovery of a positive relationship between the duration of the mother’s labor and the amount of time the child spent crying in the first month of life.

#3

Which of the following, if true, LEAST damages the author's assertion?

Behavior indicative of psychological maladjustment does not appear until the third month of a child’s life.

The estimates of the duration of labor were based on obstetricians’ estimates of the time of the onset of labor.

There is no relationship between the amount of time spent crying and psychological maladjustment.

The infants who have experienced the greatest stress during birth are often too weak to for extended periods of time.

From the infant’s point of view, a hurried labor is more stressful than a gradual, slow delivery.

Found in caves with the bones of australo-pithecines, which are thought by some to be ancient ancestors of the human species, were great collections of animal bones. From the frequencies of types of bones, it can be seen that many bones represented only parts of animals that must have died elsewhere. The australo-pithecines thus must have been mighty hunters, to have brought home so much meat.

#4

Which of the following, If true, most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn above?

The bones in the cave did not include bones of an elephantlike animal that existed in the area at the time of the australopithecines.

Evidence of the use of fire was absent from the caves in which the collections of bones were found.

Marks on the bones, including the bones of the australopithecines, are consistent with teeth marks of large catlike animals of the period.

The australopithecine bones found in the caves were those of adult males, adult females, and juveniles.

The australopithecines sometimes moved from cave to cave for shelter and did not remain in one cave for a lifetime.

During the Second World War, fighter pilots watched for enemies in the sky by direct visual perception. The pilots had to turn their heads frequently in order to look to their rear, and so calisthenics to develop neck muscles were part of their training. Today, with electronic instruments, pilots never need to look to the rear. Their ability to detect slight changes on electronic dials and gauges is more significant than their keenness of long-distance vision or their developed musculature.

#5

The information above best supports which of the following conclusions?

The performance of pilots will necessarily decline if the strenuous physical conditioning programs employed in the past are not continued.

Fitness with regard to military service must always be defined in terms of the demands combat situations place on combatants.

Visual acuity is of little help in air combat today because of the terrific speeds at which modern aircraft approach each other.

Revisions of military training programs at frequent intervals can guarantee adaptability to the demands of future combat situations.

The reliance on increasingly sophisticated electronic instruments in air combat situations will soon make human pilots superfluous.

Some United States psychologists have concluded that one specific set of parental behaviors toward children always signifies acceptance and a second set always signifies rejection, for there is remarkable agreement among investigators about the maternal behaviors designated as indicative of these parental attitudes.

#6

The conclusion of the psychologists mentioned above logically depends on the assumption that

parental attitudes are best conveyed through behaviors that the parents have consciously agreed on

the maternal behaviors indicating acceptance or rejection are exhibited by fathers as well

the behaviors of fathers toward children have been studied as carefully as have the behaviors of mothers

most maternal behaviors have been interpreted as conveying either acceptance or rejection

acceptance and rejection are the easiest to recognize of all parental behaviors

# GRE Critical Reasoning

GRE Critical Reasoning

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

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