GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 30

GRE Critical Reasoning
Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

 

According to a recent survey, marriage is fattening. Cited as evidence is the survey’s finding that the average woman gains 23 pounds and the average man gains 18 pounds during 13 years of marriage.

#1
The answer to which of the following questions would be most relevant in evaluating the reasoning presented in the survey?

Speakers of a language rely on their general knowledge of the world in order to make sense of statements they hear or read. Computers can easily be “taught” the formal rules of a language, but supplying them with this general knowledge is another matter. It is extremely difficult to develop computers that can extract the meaning of ordinary sentences.

#2
Which of the following can be validly inferred from the passage above?

In mammals it is the secondary palate that permits breathing while eating. Clearly, breathing while eating is necessary to maintain the high rate of metabolism of mammals.

#3
The author's assertions would be most weakened by the discovery of a mammalian species that had a

Forty-five percent of all blood donated in the United States is type O. Type O blood is essential for emergencies where there is no time for determining the blood type of victims because type O blood can be used for everyone. Type O blood is unique in that it is compatible with blood of all types: any recipient, regardless of blood type, can be given it. But precisely because of this special usefulness, type O blood is chronically in short supply.

#4
If the statements in the passage above are true, which of the following must also be true?

Many geologists theorize that the trail of volcanic craters and cinder cones along the Snake River plain of southern Idaho was produced as the North American continent slid westward over a stationary’ “plume,” a vertical channel through which m’olten rock rose intermittently from the Earth’s core to burst through its crust.

#5
Which of the following, if true, tends to support the geologists' theory of how the trail was produced?

It has been hypothesized that much of the matter in the universe is “dark”; i.e., unseen. Studies have shown that galaxies in many galaxy clusters are moving faster with respect to one another than they would if visible stars constituted all their mass. The studies suggest that the galaxies are moving under the gravitational influence of unseen mass in considerable quantity.

#6
Which ofthe following is an assumption underlying the passage above?

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