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GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 24

Jimmy Wang
07/19/2024

GRE Critical Reasoning

Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

In a recent study on the connection between brain abnormalities and violent behavior, the researcher examined more than three hundred people who had engaged in unusually violent behavior toward friends and family members. In most of the people studied, the researcher found clues of brain abnormalities, including evidence of past brain injury and physical abnormality. The researcher concluded that evidence of brain abnormalities could be used to predict violent behavior.

#1

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the researcher's conclusion?

A wide variety of violent actions were exhibited by those studied.

The study drew its subjects from a large geographical area.

Those studied in the experiment acted violently toward strangers as well as toward people they knew.

The incidence of brain abnormalities in the general population is as high as that in the group examined.

The brain abnormalities discovered in those studied ‘are of two distinct kinds.

Why can human beings outlast many faster four- legged animals when running long distances? Perhaps because early humans evolved as hunters on the hot African savannas. Humans developed the ability to release heat by sweating, but most mammals must pant, a function hard to regulate while running. Also, four-legged animals must adopt a pace that lets them breathe once in mid-stride; otherwise, the impact of the front legs hitting the ground will prevent deep inhalation. Humans can vary the number of breaths per stride, set a pace unsuited to the prey and so eventually exhaust it.

#2

The author's explanation of why human beings have evolved as superior distance runners would be most weakened if it were shown that

early humans were only one of a number of species that hunted prey on the African savannas

early humans typically hunted animals that were less well adapted than humans fOf long- distance running

human beings of today have retained the ability to run long distances but no longer hunt by chasing prey

early humans hunted mainly in groups by sneaking up on prey and trapping it within a circle

hunting was just as essential for later humans in colder climates as it was for early humans on the African savannas

The government officials of a nation share its citizens’ understandings regarding the rules that governments are obligated to honor in their actions. Thus, when a nation deliberately ignores international law, the attitudes of even its government officials will become less favorable toward their government.

#3

Which of the following, if true, is the strongest relevant objection to the argument the teacher makes on the basis of the time yoga has endured?

War, which cannot on balance be called sound, has lasted the length of human history.

The teacher cites the experience of only one person, whose well being might be due to other causes.

Three thousand years is an underestimate of the time period.

The practice of yoga has changed somewhat over three thousand years.

The teacher benefits by the teaching of yoga and so, as a beneficiary, is not a disinterested witness.

The teacher of yoga said that he knows how good the yoga exercises feel and how beneficial they are to his mental and spiritual health. After all, he said, there must be something sound to any human practice that endures more than three thousand years of history.

#4

Which of the following could be an assumption on which the researchers relied in drawing their conclusion?

Babies over 9 months are less likely to be obese than are babies under 9 months because babies over 9 months eat less frequently than do babies under 9 months.

Breast-fed babies are more likely to be obese than are formula-fed babies.

Babies gain weight at a slower rate between the ages of 7 and 9 months than they do between the ages of 4 and 6 months.

Obesity is genetically rather than environmentally determined.

In the months before the study, the feeding practices of the mothers in the study did not differ significantly from their feeding practices at the tIme of the study.

Researchers compared 42 average-weight and 47 obese infants, aged 7 to 9 months, with respect to current daily nutrient intake, ratio of formula or breast milk to solids in the diet, and maternal reliance on external feeding cues, such as time of day. Mothers completed a three-day food record at home before answering questions on current feeding practices. The researchers concluded from all of these data that, contrary to popular belief, the feeding practices of mothers of obese babies do not contribute significantly to their babies’ obesity.

#5

Which of the following could be an assumption on which the researchers relied in drawing their conclusion?

Obesity is genetically rather than environmentally determined.

Breast-fed babies are more likely to be obese than are formula-fed babies.

In the months before the study, the feeding practices of the mothers in the study did not differ significantly from their feeding practices at the tIme of the study.

Babies over 9 months are less likely to be obese than are babies under 9 months because babies over 9 months eat less frequently than do babies under 9 months.

Babies gain weight at a slower rate between the ages of 7 and 9 months than they do between the ages of 4 and 6 months.

Ironically, people who use aspartame as a sweetener to reduce their caloric intake could wind up defeating their purpose, since studies show that high levels of aspartame may trigger a craving for carbohydrates by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers carbohydrate satiety.

#6

Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn if the statements above are true?

People who do not use aspartame are not likely to develop a craving for carbohydrates.

The caloric content of foods that are high in carbohydrates is significant.

People tend to prefer sweet foods to those high in carbohydrates.

Aspartame can be more hazardous than carbohydrates to people’s health.

Food products that contain aspartame are typically low in carbohydrates.

# GRE Critical Reasoning

GRE Critical Reasoning

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

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