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GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 16

Jimmy Wang
06/13/2024

GRE Critical Reasoning

Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

Miko:
Academic products developed at a university are properly considered the results of “work for hire” and really belong to the institution. Therefore, the university should own the copyright for any computer software devel- oped by its faculty.

Kofi:
But a copyright policy this restrictive can impede a university’s primary mission of generating and disseminating knowledge.

#1

Within the last fifty years, the majority of the United States work force has moved from the manufacturing to the service sector of the economy. This shift has occurred, not because of a decline in the production of goods, but because, with applications of new technology, more production of goods can now be achieved with relatively fewer people, and more people are therefore available to satisfy the increased demand for services.

#2

Which of the following, if true, provides evidence to support the claim made above that more production of goods can now be achieved with relatively fewer people?

Manufacturing industries, on average, pay a higher per-hour wage and use fewer part- time employees than do service industries.

Services accounted for half of all jobs in the late 1940’s but today account for seventy percent of all jobs.

Living standards in states that have shifted to manufacturing economies within the last fifty years are closer to the national average now than ,in 1940.

Many manufacturing industries in the United States have lost a significant share of their domestic and foreign ,markets to foreign producers.

Manufacturing output was one-third higher in 1980 than in ]970, while manufacturing employment grew only five percent during that period.

John: I have tried several different types of psychotherapy at various times in my life: three kinds of “talk” therapy (Freudian, Rogerian, and cognitive) and also behavior therapy. Since the periods when I was in therapy were the least happy times of my life, I have concluded that psychotherapy cannot work for me.

#3

Which of the following statements, if true, would most weaken John's conclusion?

People who try several different types of psychotherapy tend to be happier than people who try only one type of psychotherapy

People undergoing psychotherapy that ultimately works are often unhappy while they are in therapy.

Behavior therapy is designed to address different problems from those addressed by “talk” therapies.

People who try several different types of psychotherapy are more likely to find one that works for them than are people who try only one type of psychotherapy.

The techniques used in behavior therapy are ‘quite different from those used in “talk” ther- apies.

Board member:

As a longtime member of the college’s board of trustees, I believe that the board has functioned well in the past because each of its members has had a broad range of experience and interests. Thus, if in the future any members are elected primarily to press for a particular policy, such. as reducing tuition, the board will function less well.

#4

In drawing the conclusion above, the board member must have been making which of the following assumptions?

In order to be ejected as a member of the board, one must have a broad range of experience and interests.

The board functions well because its members are primarily interested in particular academic policies rather than in financial policies such as the level of tuition.

The college will not be able to operate if and when the board functions less well than it does currently.

Each of the people who would be elected to the board primarily to press for a particular policy lacks a broad range of experience or interests.

The college will suffer financially if the board reduces tuition.

When school administrators translate educational research into a standardized teaching program and mandate its use by teachers, students learn less and learn less well than they did before, even though the teachers are the same. The translation by the administrators of theory into prescribed practice must therefore be flawed.

#5

The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?

Researchers should be the ones to translate their own research into teaching programs.

The level of student learning will vary from state to state.

The ways in which teachers choose to implement the programs are ineffective.

The educational research on which the standardized teaching programs are based is sound.

Teachers differ in their ability to teach in accordance with standardized programs.

Figures issued by the government of a certain country show that in 1980 the public sector and the private sector each employed the same number of people. Between 1980 and 1984, according to the government, total employment decreased in the public sector more than it increased in the private sector.

#6

If, according to governmental figures, the unemployment rate in this country was the same in both 1980 and 1984, which of the following statements must be true about this country?

Fewer people were in the labor force, as counted by the government, in 1984 than in 1980.

The government’s figures for total employment increased between 1980 and 1984.

The competition for the available work increased between 1980 and 1984.

The number of people counted by the government as unemployed was the same in 1980 and 1984.

In 1984 more people sought work in the private sector than in the public sector.

GRE Critical Reasoning

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

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