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GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 11

Jimmy Wang
04/28/2024

GRE Critical Reasoning

Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

Japanese factory workers are guaranteed life- time jobs, bonuses paid on the basis of productivity and corporate profits, and a wage rate that is not attached to a particular job. Paradoxically, these guarantees do not discourage factory owners from introducing labor-saving machinery. Such innovations are to the factory owners’ advantage despite the fact that the owners must protect the wages of their workers.

#1

Which of the following, if true, logically explains why the introduction of labor-saving machinery is advantageous to factory owners?

Limited competition exists among Japanese factories for consumer markets.

The purchase and maintenance of new machinery adds significantly to the final cost of the goods produced.

Before a Japanese factory worker is hired, he or she must present a record of his or her previous productivity.

Labor-saving machinery increases productivity, thus yielding profits that more than cover the cost of retraining workers for other jobs.

Factory workers demand a change of procedure in the routine tasks they perform.

Only a member of the Regionalist party would oppose the bill for a new recycling law that would protect the environment from industrial interests. Ellen cannot be a member of the Regionalist party because she supports the bill.

#2

Which of the following statements points out why the conclusion above is invalidly drawn?

It is possible that some Regionalist party members may not oppose the bill for a new recycling law.

Past attempts to protect the environment through recycling laws have failed.

Industrial interests need not oppose the protection of the environment.

Ellen has attended programs and distributed literature prepared by the Regionalist party.

Regionalist party members have organized to oppose industrial interests on several other issues.

Roberta was born in 1967, and so in 1976 she was nine years old. It is clear from this example that the last two digits of a person’s birth year will be the same as the last two digits of the year of that person’s ninth birthday, except that the position of the digits will be reversed.

#3

Which of the following is the best criticism of the assertions made above?

The generalization is valid only for those birth years in which the last digit is one greater than the second-to-last digit.

The example cannot be shown to be correct unless the truth of the generalization is already presupposed.

The example does not exhibit the same principle as is expressed in the generalization based on it.

The generalization is valid only for those birth years that do not end in two zeroes.

The generalization is valid only for those birth years in which the last digit is greater than five.

A small dose of widely used tranquilizer allows people to lie during lie detector tests without being discovered. The stress responses that lie detector tests measure can be inhibited by the drug without noticeable side effects. One of the implications of this fact is that the drug can also be effective in reducing stress in everyday situations.

#4

The attitude that it is all right to do what harms no one but oneself is usually accompanied by a disregard for the actual interdependence of pepple. Destroying one’s own life or health means not being available to help family members or the community; it means, instead, absorbing the limited resources of the community for food, health services, and education without contributing fully to the community.

#5

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the view expressed above?

The cost of avoidable accidents and illnesses raises health insurance rates for everyone.

Harm to one person can result in an in- direct benefit, such as the availability of work in health-related fields, to others.

Life would be dull if it were necessary to abstain from all of the minor pleasures that entail some risk of harm to a person who indulges in them.

The primary damage caused by the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and unauthorized drugs is done to the person who uses those substances.

The contribution a person makes to the community cannot be measured by that person’s degree of health.

Superficially, college graduates in 1982 resemble college graduates of 1964; they are fairly conservative, well dressed, and interested in tradition; they respect their parents. But there is a deep-seated difference: a majority of the members of the class of 1982 who were surveyed in their freshman year stated that making a good income was an important reason for their decision to go to college.

#6

The statements in the passage above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?

A majority of the members of the class of 1964 revised their reasons for attending college between-their freshman year and college graduation.

The concerns of college graduates of 1964 were superficial compared to the financial worries of college graduates of 1982.

College graduates of 1964 were actually less conservative than college graduates of 1982.

Fewer than half the students of the class of 1964 declared as freshmen that they entered college in order to increase their earning potential.

Educational background did not playas significant a part in determining income in 1964 as it does in 1982.

GRE Critical Reasoning

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

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