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GRE Big Book Critical Reasoning Test 2

Jimmy Wang
03/07/2024

GRE Critical Reasoning

Directions

Critical Reasoning questions test the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate arguments. Some of the abilities tested by specific questions include identifying the roles played by specific phrases or sentences in an argument, recognizing the point of an argument, recognizing assumptions on which an argument is based" drawing conclusions and forming hypotheses, identifying methods of argumentation, evaluating arguments and counter-arguments, and analyzing evidence.

Each of the Critical Reasoning questions is based on a short argument, a set of statements, or a plan of action. For each question, select the best answer of the choices given.

According to one psychological theory, in order to be happy, one must have an intimate relationship with another person. Yet the world’s greatest composers spent most of their time in solitude and had no intimate relationships. So the psychological theory must be wrong.

#1

Every member of the Progress party in a certain city council voted against appropriating funds to build a new bridge. All city council members voted on the bridge-appropriation issue. A simple majority of votes was needed to pass the bill.

#2

Which of the following statements, if true, would provide sufficient information to tell whether or not the bridge appropriation bill passed?

Every member of the city council is either a member of the Popular party or a member of the Progress party.

No other council members voted against the bridge appropriation.

The Progress party holds a majority of seats on the city council.

Less than half of the members of the other parties all taken together voted against the bridge appropriation.

Three-fourths of the votes cast against the appropriation were by members of the Progress party.

A common defense of sport hunting is that it serves ‘a vital wildlife-management function, without which countless animals would succumb to starvation and disease. This defense leads to the overly hasty con- clusion that sport hunting produces a healthier population of animals.

#3

Which of the following, if true, best supports the author's claim that sport hunting does not necessarily produce a healthier population of animals?

Overpopulation of a species causes both strong and weak animals to suffer.

Many people have strong moral objections to killing a creature for any reason other than self-defense.

Sport hunters tend to pursue the biggest and healthiest animals in a population.

Wildlife species encroach on farm crops when other food supplies become scarce.

For many economically depressed families, hunting helps keep food on the table.

Two suits of battle armor worn by King Henry VIII were discovered, one from the beginning of his reign in 1510 and the other from 1540. Although both suits of armor were made for Henry VIII, the 1540 suit of armor was 40 pounds heavier than the 1510 suit of armor.

#4

Which of the following, if true, contributes LEAST to an explanation of the discrepancy described above?

During his reign Henry increased his arsenal of weapons because, despite his popularity in 1510, by ]540 the English populace was becoming disenchanted with his rule.

Because of the improved design of battle weaponry during the 1530’s, annor was given a multilayered design so that the sharper and stronger weapons could not pierce it.

Henry ascended the throne while still an adolescent and grew three inches during his first five years as king.

Henry, although slim at the beginning of his reign, developed a bulky figure because of massive weight gain.

Although the style of annor was plain and severe in the beginning of Henry’s reign, he started the fashion of decorating annor with heavy and elaborate metal pieces because of his love for ornamentation.

Government department head: We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with the department are urged to abide by. The fact that virtually all of the companies have agreed to abide by it indicates that it is successful. Therefore, neither” stronger ethics regulations nor enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with the department.

#5

Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the department head's conclusion?

A survey of major companies found that several companies stopped doing business with the department because they did not want to agree to abide by the code of ethics.

The code of ethics was instituted only after it was discovered that several companies had committed serious violations of ethics in their business with the department.

A study of codes of ethics for companies found that the codes are most effective when the top executives of companies that agree to abide by them are fully committed to following them.

The code of ethics applies only to companies that do business with the department.

A government investigation found that most of the companies that agreed to abide by the department’s code of ethics are not comply- ing with it.

The federal government expects hospitals to perfonn 10,000 organ transplants next year. But it is doubtful that this many donor organs will be available, since the number of fatalities resulting from car and motorcycle accidents has been dropping steadily over the past decade.

#6

The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?

In the past the federal government’s estimates of the number of organ transplants needed durin

No more than 10,000 people will be in need of organ transplants during the next year.

For any given fatality resulting from a car or motorcycle accident, there is a hospital in the vicinity in need’of an organ for a transplant.

The number of car and motorcycle accidents will increase significantly during the next year.

A significant number of the organs used in transplants come from people who die in car and motorcycle accidents.

Verbal patterns in four works known to be written by a certain author were compared to those in a work of uncertain authorship sometimes attributed to that author. Many patterns were studied, including frequency of specific words and recurrence of certain phrases. The questioned work displayed verbal patterns very similar to those in the other four works, establishing that the same author wrote all five.

#7

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the conclusion above?

Writers from different historical periods sometimes use the same words and phrases, but the meanings of such words and phrases change over time.

A relatively small number of words in any language occur with great frequency, and those words make up the largest portion of all discourse.

Word choice is generally considered an insignificant component of an author’s style.

No two writers are likely to display similar verbal patterns in their works.

Many writers consciously attempt to experiment with innovative verbal patterns in each new work.

# GRE Critical Reasoning

GRE Critical Reasoning

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