The central role of the parents and the normal family setup are undeniable. Quarreling, physical assault, separation, divorce or death within the family may be particularly terrifying. Also parental outbursts of rage or threats of punishment directed to the child, calling him names, speaking to him harshly, shaking him, handling him roughly, or actual physical punishment sometimes ______ such total panic and terror in the child that we must assume more is involved than the physical pain alone.
